Exploring The Foundation Knowledge Of Program Planning

This chapter was very interesting explaining how exploring foundation knowledge of program planning is evaluated. Program planning is examined in five ways, adult learning, cultural differences, relationship building, power and interests, and technology. Knowing how adults learn and how to operate a constructed program that will connect with all adults. Adult programs consist of continuing education, psychology, sociology, anthropology, neurosciences, and cultural studies (Caffarella Daffron, 2013). Adult education is a field that mature students returns to college and choose as a major. Adult learning discusses different programs that adult learners may be interested in continuing their education. Today there is many programs that adults can experience and learn about to help them decided how to continue their education in life. Adult learning is having a clear picture of how adults learn and how this in turn affects the program planning process. Many adults are not sure abo ut what they want to do with their lives after high school. There are many programs that will help you to decided, what you want to do with your life. This is where adult education programs can help you decided on the importance of education. There are three content areas that connects with adult learning and planning education within the adult. Knowles state that the adult learner, learns from their experiences. Experiences is how adults live their everyday lives and make conciseShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Graduate Standard 2946 Words   |  4 Pagespage will provide information about Graduate Standard 2-Know the Content and how to teach it through evidence supporting my knowledge and professional experience about this standard. 2.1 Content and teaching strategies of the teaching area Aside from knowing the children and how they learn, knowing the content and how to teach it is a huge part of teaching. Content knowledge is something which I am very familiar with – much of the required content is covered in subject study and some educationalRead MoreEssay Financing a Small Business1539 Words   |  7 Pagesinnovation. The most common reasons for starting a business according to the Small Business Administration are: to be your own boss, to accommodate a desired lifestyle, to achieve financial independence, to enjoy creative freedom, and finally to use knowledge or skills. Starting a business can be exhilarating and wildly fulfilling. However, it can be quite complicated, and may challenge you in ways you had not imagined. Knowing the challenges and problems you may encounter in your start-up can help youRead MoreMy Role As An Educator1014 Words   |  5 Pagestheir own individual way. They are viewed as being naturally curious about the environment around them, are full of knowledge, creativity and have potential that they want connect to the world around them by exploring freely. 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The amount of goods exported and importedRead MoreThe Homeland Security And Risk Management Programs1213 Words   |  5 Pagesappropriately coordinate risk management programs while acknowledging elements of focus in regards to different assets and the manner in which these assets are used. The homeland security uses risk assessments on all areas, which this paper will be focusing on , to determine how to maintain the condition of an asset as well as assist it in maintaining its overall goal. This paper will discuss how the Homeland Security utilizes risk management programs, how this program benefits resource allocation/ grantRead MoreProject Individual Reflection Paper And Project Group1389 Words   |  6 Pagesthe assessment course, I have gained an immense amount of knowledge and a plethora of assessment practice. The project framework allows me to contribute in the WMU’s strategic plan initiatives in developing a project about the Signature designation while taking the course. In here, I was able to create a variety of project’s products, such as project proposal, poster and project’s presentation and evaluation. This paper reflects my knowledge and experience in the accomplishing of the assessment course

Ways in Which the Media Has Desensitized People to...

As I sat in Alexander Hall at Invitation to Excellence, I looked around at the faces as the segment from The Dark Night played. I was struck by the faces of the students in the room—some were amused to an extent and the others were nearly expressionless—as they watched Batman pound The Joker’s head onto a table. The thought â€Å"how has the gore of movies desensitized our culture to the violence around them?† ran through my mind as I watched the students, products of our culture’s repugnant media. Statistics show, according to the American Psychiatric Association, that by eighteen years of age, an adolescent in the United States will have seen 16,000 simulated murders and 200,000 acts of violence. These figures are staggering. It would help†¦show more content†¦The other day I was at a local grocery store. I saw two men looking through the sale bin of movies. As I watched, one man picked up one movie and began reading the back. â€Å"†¦PG-13 for rape scene,† he read and then looked at his friend and said, â€Å"It should be a good one.† What kind of perverted mind would think that a rape scene makes a movie â€Å"good†? The same mind that has been subtly taken captive by a nihilistic entertainment industry that tries to convince its consumers that violence is pure amusement. This bloodshed-saturated culture ridicules the importance of life itself by making into something we laugh at for our own entertainment. When My Bloody Valentine came out last January, I had several friends that went to see it in theaters. Many came back after the movie saying that they laughed throughout the entirety of it and thought it was very funny. A movie in which a man kills twenty-two people is found humorous and people try to say that there is nothing wrong with the amount of violence being shown. Value is robbed from life when someone can kill ten or twenty people in the movie and still be a likeable and fascinated character. People have become calloused to what death and pain really mean. They have taken movies as a removed from reality; however, they are only it is only beginning to effect this world where violence has real consequences. In the military, assassins are trained by forcing them to watch murdersShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between Media And Violence Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesThe relationship between media and violence is one that is constantly debated. Some believe that there is a relationship while some will argue that there is not and any connection they may have is coincidental. This essay will attempt to argue that there is a casual relationship between media and violence by discussing the desensitization some people have towards violence, the increased fear of violence, and the imitative behaviour some people may pick up from violent media. 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(Miller 176) Does this kind of overexposure to violence have a significant effect on children and teenagersRead MoreEffect of Video Game Violence on Children and Teens Essay1685 Words    |  7 Pagesin children and adolescents. â€Å"Violent media increase aggression by teaching observers how to aggress, by priming aggressive cognition (including previously learned aggressive scripts and aggressive perceptual schemata), by increasing arousal, or by creating an aggressive state† (Anderson and Bushman 355). As more children are becoming exposed violence in video games in the recent years, violence in schools and other locations where children are prominent has increased. â€Å"A national crime victimizationRead MoreViolence Is The Unspoken Disease Of The World1335 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2017 Essay #1 Violence is the unspoken disease of the world. According to Christopher Mikton, the World Health Organization, is a leader in the study of violence in the world (Mikton, 45). 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Call of Duty along with many other games effect people and warp their version of reality.Read MoreThe Effects Of Violent Media On Children And Youth990 Words   |  4 PagesEssentially since media is more violent than ever, and children and youth are getting more attracted to violent media. Studies on violent media shows a clear evidence that violence on media rises the possibility of aggressive behaviors in both short-term and long-term situations (Rowell Huesmann, Moise, Podolski, Eron, 2003). Most researchers agree that aggressive behaviors are more disposed to the harmful impact of violence on media. The negative effect is much larger for younger children because

Occurrence Of Malnutrition In Children Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

The childhood period is the most of import phase for the overall development during the lifetime. Brain and biological development takes topographic point at this phase Muller and Jahn, 2009. These developments are influenced by sufficient of stimulation and nutrition, and this development affects of build, the immune system, knowledge, every bit good as societal and emotional growing ( Handal et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Occurrence Of Malnutrition In Children Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2007 ) . Such development helps to guarantee that each kid reaches his or her possible and is a productive member of society ( Uthman, 2009 ) . When kids waste their early old ages with a decreased sum of motivation, or a less emotionally and physically encouraging environment encephalon development is affected and leads to cognitive, societal and behavioural holds. Many factors can disrupt early kid development such as malnutrition ( WHO, 2009 ) . The nutritionary position of kids is a important presentation of wellness and development ; it is non merely a representation of past wellness but an of import index of future wellness ( Subramanyam et al. 2010 ) . Malnutrition is one of the of import wellness jobs throughout the universe, peculiarly in developing states ( Sarifzadeh et al. 2010 ; Hioui et Al. 2010 ) . Malnutrition is an of import public wellness job because it leads to increased hazard of decease from infective diseases, more terrible infections and a high cause of mortality, and making extra psychosocial loads ( Jesminet al. 2011 ) . Malnutrition is a status doing scrawny growing, scraggy, and blowing ( Faber et al. 2010 ; Subramanyam et Al. 2010 ; Uthman, 2009 ; Kandala et Al. 2011 ; Janevic et al.2010 ) , inadequacy of protein, energy and other foods and instability between the foods the organic structure needs and the foods it receives ( Muller and Jahn, 2009 ) . Malnutrition can be detected by anthropometric measurings were height-for-age ( HAZ ) , weight-for-age ( WAZ ) and weight-for-height ( WHZ ) is measured against a set of WHO child and growing criterions and NCHS/WHO mention ( Hioui et al. 2010 ; Lesiapeto et Al. 2010 ) . Malnutrition degrees are still high in developing states around the universe ( Sunil, 2009 ) , an estimated cachexia 9.8 % , scraggy 17.9 % and stunting 29.2 % ( WHO, 2009 ) , included Indonesia. Harmonizing to the WHO ‘s reported prevalence of malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age during the twelvemonth 2007 in Indonesia 19.6 % are scraggy, 40.1 % stunted, 14.8 % showed cachexia and 11.2 % were overweight. Many factors can be associated with the happening of malnutrition in kids. For illustration, inadequate wellness services and an unhealthy environment ( Schoeman et al. 2010 ; Hioui et Al. 2010 ) , socio-cultural environments ( Mashalet al.2008 ; Noughani A ; Bagheri, 2010 ) , socioeconomic, maternal, and child factors ( Lesiapeto et al.2010 ; Hasselman et al.2006 ) , and socio-demographic factors ( Phengxay et al. 2007 ; Handal et al. 2007 ) . An apprehension of the most of import causes of malnutrition is imperative to be identified and an analysis would so bespeak more specii ¬?cally the type of policies, wellness plans and where resources should be directed to right the root causes of inequality in childhood malnutrition ( Lesiapetoet al. 2010 ; Uthman, 2009 ) . Statement of the job There are many factors that can act upon the happening of malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age are child factors, female parent factors, and family factors. Research aim The chief aim in this research is to happen out the major factors act uponing the happening of malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age. Chapter II Review of Relevant Literature Definition Malnutrition is a status manifested by stunting, being scraggy, and blowing if his/her tallness for age ( HAZ ) , weight for age ( WAZ ) and weight for tallness ( WHZ ) z-score was more than two standard divergences ( SDs ) below the mention median ( Lesiapeto et al. 2010 ; Subramanyam et Al. 2010 ; Uthman, 2009 ; Kandala et Al. 2011 ; Janevic et Al. 2010 ) , inadequacy of protein, energy and other foods and instability between the foods the organic structure needs and the foods it receives ( Muller, 2009 ) . Stunting is characterized by shortness-for-age or step of additive growing deceleration, an index of chronic malnutrition and calculated by comparing the height-for-age of a kid with a mention population of well-fed and healthy kids ( Muller and Jahn, 2009 ; Sunil, 2009 ) . Wasting is a contemplation of a recent and terrible procedure that has led to significant weight loss, normally associated with famishment and/or disease ; calculated by comparing weight-for-height of a kid with a mention population of well-fed and healthy kids ; indicates the acute degree of malnutrition or the current nutritionary position of kids and frequently used to measure the badness of the exigencies because it is strongly related to mortality ( Muller and Jahn, 2009 ; Sunil, 2009 ) . Underweight is measured by comparing the weight-for-age of a kid with a mention population of well-fed, composite step that indicates both acute and chronic malnutrition in kids ( Muller and Jahn, 2009 ; Sunil, 2009 ) . Factors act uponing the happening of malnutrition Base on the literature reexamine the factors act uponing the happening malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age are ; Child factors The kid factors are act uponing the happening of malnutrition are suckling, age of the kid, size at birth, sex of kid, hazardous birth interval ( Uthman, 2009 ) . Mother factors The female parent factors act uponing the happening of malnutrition are female parent ‘s age, female parent ‘s business, female parent ‘s instruction, and matrimonial position ( Uthman, 2009 ) . Family factors The family factors act uponing the happening of malnutrition are topographic point of abode, part, house sanitation, H2O beginning, and figure of kids in the house ( Uthman, 2009 ) . Research hypothesis Is there any relationship between, kid factors, female parent factors, and family factors with happening of malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age. Research inquiry What is the most dominant factor act uponing the happening of malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age? Conceptual Model Child factors: Age Sexual activity Breastfeeding Mothers Factors: Age Education Occupation Family Factors: Rearing House sanitation Child malnutrition: Stunting Wasting Underweight Figure 1. Thesis program conceptual model adopted from UNICEF ( 1997 ) Operational definition Malnutrition in kids is the kid under five old ages of age who has diagnosed malnutrition by Department of Health in West Nusa Tenggara Province. Child factors are the factor in a kids related to age, sex and chest eating of the kids. Mother factors are the factors related to age, instruction, and business of the female parents in the household. Family factors are the factors related to house sanitation and rearing theoretical account in the household. Chapter III Methods and Procedures Methodology Research design Research design in this survey is cross-sectional. A cross-sectional survey is one of the most common and well-known survey designs. In this type of research survey, either the full population or a subset thereof is selected, and from these persons, informations are collected to assist reply the research inquiries. The information that is gathered represents what is traveling on at merely one point in clip ( Ollsen and George, 2004 ) . Population and sample Population in this research is households who have kids under five old ages of age in West Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia. The focal point samples are households who have kids under five old ages of age with diagnosed malnutrition in West Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia. Sampling technique in this research is utilizing a purposive sample. The sample choice is based on these features: Inclusion Standards Children under five old ages old who live with their household Family who willing to take portion in the survey Family in West Nusa Tenggara Province Sample Size Puting This research will be take topographic point in households at West Nusa Tenggara Province Measurement The anthropometric information of the kids were assessed utilizing the WHO Anthro package version 3.2.2. , to mensurate the informations about kid factors, female parents factors, and family factors will be utilizing inquirers. Because of this instrument used English linguistic communication, the research worker will interpret and so formalize by transcribers who were expert in both the English and Indonesia languages to guarantee equivalence the instrument in Indonesia linguistic communication. The instrument will be test dependability by utilizing with the similar samples, and guarantee that it is applicable with Indonesian people before roll uping informations. Ethical Consideration Ethical blessing should be granted by KU foremost. Then, a permission to make the research at the provincial and territory wellness offices, community wellness centres and voluntary are required. Participant information sheet ( PIS ) , namelessness, confidentiality, and informed concsent will be used to protect sample and the research worker. Plan for informations aggregation The information about households who have kids under five old ages of age with malnutrition collected from section of wellness in West Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia. The anthropometric information of the kids were assessed utilizing the WHO Anthro package version 3.2.2, and expressed as z-scores for each of the anthropometric indices of malnutrition against both the new WHO child growing criterions and the older NCHS/WHO mention. A kid was defined as stunted, scraggy or wasted if his/her height-for-age ( HAZ ) , weight-for-age ( WAZ ) or weight-for-height ( WHZ ) z-score was more than two standard divergences ( SDs ) below the mention median. Direct interview with a set of questionnaires will be used to roll up informations from the households related with child factors, female parent ‘s factors, and family factors. Plan for informations analysis To measure factors of malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age utilizing multivariate analysis and was performed utilizing Eview 4.0. Eview provide sophisticated information analysis, arrested development, and prediction tools on a Windows base computing machine. The multivariate analysis will take into history the hierarchal relationships between kid factors, female parent ‘s factors, and family factors with kids malnutrition. There will be calculated utilizing logistic arrested development. A survey budget No Items Amount/ figure Estimation Price ( in Rupiah ) 1 Paper A4 70 GSM 5 ream @ 50.000 = 250.000 2 Transcript of inquirer 5 @ 100 @ 100 = 50.000 3 Printer ink 4 colourss @ 40,000 = 160.000 4 Transportation fee 2.500.000 5 Small gift for participant 100 @ 10.000 = 1.000.000 Entire 3.960.000 rupiah Timetable Activity 2012 2013 jun July August September October November December January February March April jun July August September Identify the job Find the relevan literature reappraisal Sum up an analyze the literature Start composing proposal Defense proposal Ask for ethical issues Roll uping informations Analyzing informations Write chapter 4 and 5 Thesis defence Prepare for publication How to cite Occurrence Of Malnutrition In Children Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Cooperative Productive Workplace Relations â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Cooperative Productive Workplace Relations? Answer: Introduction: The present case is based on unwanted reduction of pay scale by the employer and attracts the provision of Employee Contract Act (Kavanagh and McRae 2017). It has been stated in the case that the board of director of the aviation company of Australia has made a decision to reduce the pay scale of the Pilots and the staff of the aviation company by 25%. It has also been stated that the workers Union of the company has decided to take an action against the board of directors and against the redundancies that the pilot and other stuff of the company has to face. It is a fact that the company AussieAir has taken the step of reducing the salary with a view to reduce its expenditure. It has been stated by the company that the costing of the company for the present year has been increased a lot and with a view to make a balance regarding the costing of the company and its expenditure, the company has decided to reduce the pay scale of the employees and therefore they have to take the decisi on (Stewart 2013). Provision regarding reduction of salary: The workers Union of the company wanted to sue the company and they can do it as provided by various provisions of the law. The reasons behind the actions made against the company are as follows: It is a fact that any reduction made from the employees remuneration can be made for certain reasons. If the reasons are not being followed up, the reduction regarding the salary will be held as a breach of contract. It is needed that both the employer and employees should have to agree the reduction process. It is a fact that the employees shall have to face serious problem if there is a reduction regarding their salary (Bray and Power 2017). A reduction in the salary may cause harmful effect regarding the business management contract. If there is no provision in the contract regarding the reduction of the pay scale, the employer should have to talk to the Employees regarding the reduction in the pay scale and they should also make certain notice to the Employees regarding the reduction. There should not be any reduction without the consent of the employees and if the reduction has been made without the employees consent, the same should be regarded as violation of the contractual e ntitlements (Stewart et al. 2014). There is a provision in the law that if a company is facing financial loss and it is become necessary to reduce the costing of the company, the company can reduce the salary of the employees within the coverage of redundancy. It has been observed that the employees under the redundancy plan announced that it is not possible for them to pay the staff for the employees at the same level anymore. The process of redundancy follows certain rules: It is important to make an agreement with the employees to mitigate the impact of the redundancy process and make sure that the employees want to reduce the pay scale or the shifting time to overcome the problems (Earnshaw, Marchington and Goodman 2013). Every employee has a right to ask for the reasons from the employers regarding the reduction in the pay scale. It is the upmost duty of the employer to state the reasons behind the reduction and they should have to give the employees fair ground to understand the terms and conditions of the reduction process and to settle down the matter amicably. It is no doubt to state that if the employer asks an employee regarding the reduction of his salary, it may cause a change regarding the contract of employment. According to the law of contract, the changes in the employment contract should have to agree by both the parties that are the employer and the employees (Fossum 2014). The employees regarding the change of the employment contract can give written details and it must be reviewed by mentioning in that written details. It is a fact that the employees contract should not necessarily be written in nature. However, the conditions regarding the contract should be clear. Legal provision: In the present case, the reduction of pay scale should maintain the national minimum wage standard that is mentioned under the Fair Work Act 2009. It is the duty of the employee to maintain discipline regarding the rules and law that are stated under the Australian Act. An employer has to maintain the minimum wage rate while they are taking the decision regarding the reduction in pay. However, it is a fact that an employer cannot reduce the payment of the employees without taking or obtaining consent from them (Mohamed 2014). Certain provisions have been provided under the Corporation Act 2001 regarding the duties of the directors. It is clear from the case that the directors of the AussieAir had failed to perform their duties as per the norms mentioned under the Fair work Act and Employment Contract Act. Therefore, they will be held liable for non-performance of the duties and failed to show due diligence and care to the employees. It is mentioned under section 180 of the Corporation Act 2001 that if any director had failed to perform his duties properly, they have to face civil obligation. It has also been mentioned under the Corporation Act 2001 that the directors is needed to discharge their duties in good faith. In this case, the directors of the aviation company had failed to perform their duties in good faith by reducing the salary of the pilots and therefore, provision of section 181 of CA 2001 will attract here (Lawrence 2016). In the present case, it is observed that the aviation company has prepared for a commercial service regarding the passengers and they wanted to reduce the costumes of the aviation company and decided to reduce the payment of the employees by 25%. It has not been mentioned on that the case that the aviation company or the board of directors of the company has sent any notice to the Employees and it has been mentioned in that case that provision regarding the same has been imposed on the employees (Georgalis et al. 2015). It is a fact under the law that an employer can reduce that pay scale of the employees without obtaining consent from them or without sending them a notice regarding the reduction of the salary only if the employee is an employee at will or there has been a provision regarding the lowering of pay scale mentioned under the employment contract. However, in this case there has not been any Mansion regarding these two Essential elements of redundancy. Therefore it can be stated that the union can bring an action against the aviation company for the violation of the employment contract. It has also not been mentioned that whether are the Employees Association of the company can bring an action regarding the payment reduction or whether there is any provision under the employment contract regarding the reduction of payment available or not (Shields and Brown 2015). Rights of the employee: If there is a violation, regarding the employment contract has been followed on if the employer has reduced the salary of the employees without obtaining any concerns from them or giving them any notice the employees have the rights to claim certain things from the employer regarding the breach of contract. The protection data given to the employees in the workplace are as follows: It is stated under the Fair Work Act that the employees are protected by certain rights that are mentioned under the act and if there is any violation regarding the same has been observed the employees have all the rights to claim damage from the employer regarding the same. If any adverse action has been taken against the employee the fair work act will protect the interest of the employee by mentioning certain rules. It has been stated under the act that an employer cannot fire an employee or shall not offer any answer terms and conditions to the Employees and if there is any violation happens regarding the same the employees can exercise there what place right against employer (McLachlan 2013). It has been stated under the law that no employee shall be forced against their will and the employees are restricted to do so under the employee Contract Act. The employees of any company are also prohibited to make any pressure upon the employee so that the employee will agree with the employer regarding the reduction of payment. In Australia there is a Commission named Fair Work Commission to deal with the problems regarding the interest of the employees. Therefore, it can be observed that the certain rules made out by the law regarding the redundancy. It has been stated on that the love that redundancy situation may arise when the company has to face a serious financial loss. In such a situation the employees have the option to reduce the salary of the employees by obtaining consent from them regarding the same. However in the present case it has been observed that the board of members are not actually facing in financial problems as there was an increase happened regarding their salary and therefore the questions of redundancy has not been proved. In this case it has been observed that the reduction regarding the salary of the employees as well as the pirates are not justified and against the employment contract and the workers Union have every right to bring an action against the company before the fair work permission. The employees can make complaint to the workplace relations Commission that attracts the Provision of Industrial Relations Act. If the employees are not given the consent regarding the reduction of the payment and the employer have decided to make the employee redundant the employee have every right to claim and action regarding the unfair dismissal against the employers. In case of any serious breach regarding employment contract the party is specially the affected parties may bring an action against the company in any Civil Court. It has been observed in Petkoski v Wiredex Pty Ltd AIRC (2006) that an employee can continue work in the company even after sue the employer of the company under the provision of the Workplace Relations Act 1996. It has also been mentioned that if the employer makes any employee as redundant, he must show reasonable cause and in case he has failed to do the same, the law will bar him to reduce the salary of the respective employee. Reduction of the payment may have certain rules and that should be followed up. According to Richard Lynch, a negotiating officer that there should be a time mentioned regarding the reduction of salary. It means that the employer should have to mention the time limit on how long the employee will get the reduced payment. The employer has certain rights regarding the redundancy system. The employer may send the respective employees a notice for put him on short time. In this process, the amount of work is reduced and the salary will follow the same generally. However, the Fair Work Act has given certain rights to the employees as well. If the employee does not want to work on short time, he can entitle to be redundant. It has been observed under the present case that the Board of Directors of AussieAir had made a decision regarding the reduction of payment of the pilots and the staff without serving a notice. The directors of the aviation company had also decided to make some of its staff redundant without obtaining their consent. Advice: Therefore, from the above statement it is clear that the board of directors of the AussieAir had failed to maintain the relevant provisions of law and had not performed their duties as per the provision of Corporation Act 2001. Therefore, it is advised to the Workers Union of the AussieAir that they can sue the company for non-maintenance of the duties mentioned here above and ask for necessary damages as required through the case. Reference: Bray, A. and Power, C., 2017. The fair work commission's' new approach'. Precedent (Sydney, NSW), (141), p.27. Earnshaw, J., Marchington, M. and Goodman, J., 2000. Unfair to whom? Discipline and dismissal in small establishments. Industrial Relations Journal, 31(1), pp.62-73. Fossum, J.A., 2014. Labor relations. Mcgraw Hill Higher accounting. Georgalis, J., Samaratunge, R., Kimberley, N. and Lu, Y., 2015. Change process characteristics and resistance to organisational change: The role of employee perceptions of justice. Australian journal of management, 40(1), pp.89-113. Kavanagh, M. and McRae, E., 2017. Employment law: Protecting vulnerable workers amendment to fair work act. Governance Directions, 69(4), p.241. Lawrence, R.J., 2016. Professional social work in Australia. ANU Press. Marshall, J.F., Tsuji, Y., Matsuda, H., Davies, P.J., Iryu, Y., Honda, N. and Satoh, Y., 1998. Quaternary and Tertiary subtropical carbonate platform development on the continental margin of southern Queensland, Australia. Reefs and carbonate platforms in the Pacific and Indian oceans, pp.163-195. McLachlan, R., 2013. Deep and Persistent Disadvantage in Australia-Productivity Commission Staff Working Paper. Mohamed, A.A.A., 2014. Dismissal from management and the Remedies. LexisNexis. Shields, J. and Brown, M., 2015. 3 15 Employee share ownership. Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies, p.320. Stewart, A., 2013. Stewart's guide to employment law (Vol. 3). Sydney: Federation Press. Stewart, A.J., Bray, M., Macneil, J. and Oxenbridge, S., 2014. 'Promoting cooperative and productive workplace relations': exploring the Fair Work Commission's new role.

Censorship of books and select websites in school libraries Pros Cons Essay Example

Censorship of books and select websites in school libraries: Pros Cons Paper Censorship and freedom of expression within school campuses has attracted a lot of debate and discussion over the years. School authorities have a difficult time in ascertaining where to draw the line between free enquiry and moral hazard. It is a surprising fact that in a country with a rich liberal tradition like the United States, there have been over 250 attempts by school districts at book banning in 31 states. This is just in the last 4 years. As shocking as this information is, â€Å"over 85% of bans go unreported either due to poor media attention or lack of opposition. The threat of censorship is much greater than it appears at first glance.† (Brenyo, 2011, p.544) The issue of censorship is also witnessed in high school publications, where a perennial power tussle exists between â€Å"student journalists decrying potential violations of their free speech and administrators who point to their responsibility to protect the welfare of the student body.† (Jenco, 20 08, p.1) While bans and censorship of scholarly content might be warranted in exceptional circumstances, the high incidence of issuing of bans and curbs in the country is not acceptable. The rest of this essay will present supportive arguments for this thesis. In the tussle between student journalists and school authorities, the latter claim that they need to cross-check the content in order to take legal and financial responsibility for the publication. Moreover, screening the paper in advance enables them to tone down inflammatory rhetoric used by students. To ease the tension between student bodies and educators, â€Å"newspaper advisers educate their administrators about First Amendment laws as they apply to student journalism and that the newspaper staffs, in turn, use their freedom responsibly. It’s important for a democracy, important for society, important for learning of students to know they have a voice and are expected to be responsible within the law but also be given opportunity within the law to demonstrate they can handle that.† (Jenco, 2008, p.1) We will write a custom essay sample on Censorship of books and select websites in school libraries: Pros Cons specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Censorship of books and select websites in school libraries: Pros Cons specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Censorship of books and select websites in school libraries: Pros Cons specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The first and foremost reason for not allowing books to be banned is the law. The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States says the â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.† (Stewart Jr., 2007, p.552) Hence, those who ban books invoke breaches of law at several places. Not only does it amount to respecting the views of a religion in public institutions, but also prohibits free exercise of freedom of speech. It also breaks the spirit of the First Amendment by objecting to what is a peaceful assembly of students in the classroom. Books by Charles Darwin and his supporters are the most frequently prohibited items in school libraries, due to the exposition on theory of evolution they contain. Apologists for banning these books shou ld remember that their action is unconstitutional by virtue of breaching the First Amendment at several places. There are other legislations and case verdicts that stipulate the extent of intellectual freedom citizens can avail. The 1982 Supreme Court case Board of Education is one such; others include the Island Trees Union Free School District No. 26 v. Pico case and the 1988 Supreme Court case Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier. The verdict in the Pico case stated that an educational institution is not permitted to ban a book from its library just because its administrative board disagrees with the content of the book. The Hazelwood case allowed reasonable restrictions on content, mandated exacting criteria for imposing the same. But it is an unfortunate turn of events that subsequent courts have not respected the spirit of Pico and Hazelwood judgments. Instead, they have been providing a high degree of deference to school districts to ascertain if disputed content should be taken out from a school library or curriculum. The right course of action though â€Å"would be far more in line with the Supreme Court’s decisions to err on the side of retaining a student’s right to the content within a book, no matter how questionable.† (Brenyo, 2011, p.544) Considering that the law is not on their side, those who purport to ban books, especially in the context of teaching evolution, have found other subversive methods of achieving enforcing censorship. The Kansas Action is a key example. It was in August 11, 1999 that the Kansas Board of Education voted to comprehensively eliminate references to biological evolution from the state’s science curriculum. (Beem, 2006, p.16) This was seen by commentators as a reactionary counter-attack by creationists. Retrospectively known as the Kansas Action, this decision represented a growing tendency among creationists to attack the teaching of evolution at the level of local school-boards. Moreover, since the highest court in the country â€Å"rebuked state legislatures for their efforts to either ban the teaching of evolution or require the teaching of both evolution and creation-ism, creationists have shied away from using the state houses to achieve their goals. Rather, creationists now focus their attention on gaining control of school boards and influencing education at that level†¦Regardless of the resolution in this case, creationists will likely continue their crusade against the teachings of evolution. Unfortunately the real losers at the moment are the students of Kansas, who have been stripped of their fundamental rights guaranteed by the First Amendment’s Establishment Clause.† (Stewart Jr., 2007, p.552) Censorship in schools should also be analyzed in the context of new information/communication technologies available to students. In the arena of the Internet, for example, it is difficult to contain the nature of information being transacted. There are two warring sides in the censorship controversy. There are those who favor student autonomy so that the power of the ‘null curriculum’ is minimized. ‘Null curriculum is defined by Eisner thus: â€Å"the options students are not afforded, the perspectives they may never know about, much less be able to use, the concepts and skills that are not part of their intellectual repertoire† (Eisner, as quoted in Tedesco, 2009, p.55). The opposing camp claims that with restrictions imposed on content, schools are able to better educate students due to improved discipline. But some of the bans in recent times have proved very controversial. In Idaho, for example, students are prohibited from carrying iPods in the classro om so as to prevent them from cheating in tests. Even some of iconic cultural works have been banned: â€Å"JK Rowling’s world-famous book series, Harry Potter, has been banned from a variety of Catholic schools following claims that its writings are against Catholic dogma†. (Tedesco, 2009, p. 55) In the Internet Age, the modes of socializing have also changed for school students. The proliferation of computer terminals and high-speed Internet connectivity has extended the school day beyond the campus. Students can now ‘chat’ after school hours using social media networks like Facebook, Twitter, etc. Proponents of restricted Internet activity argue that these social networking sites are potentially dangerous for vulnerable students. For example, social networking sites can be exploited by bullies to intimidate susceptible classmates. The cyber-bully can exploit the relative anonymity of the Internet and create an intimidating persona for himself. They can send scandalous or lewd comments and pictures to spread rumors, which can make the classroom atmosphere tense. It is for reasons such as these that some governments have banned a few popular websites from student access. (Holmes, 2006, p.1) Prominent examples of censorship in recent times are the following: 1. the Australian government banned use of YouTube in the entire public schooling system, 2. the Canadian Teachers’ Federation has also created additional classroom resources to control cyber-bullying. But, educators must realize that their decision to restrict access to some resources not only goes against constitutional provisions granted to them (First Amendment in the case of American citizens), but also interferes with a pupil’s capacity to experience and deal with a range of perspectives on different subjects. Students are deprived of an understanding of constructive social engagement – lacking this skill they will be impaired in performing their roles as citizens of the country. They lose their critical questioning faculty and are at risk to develop a herd mentality. It is for these reasons that educators must realize that if it is their role to help students become proactive participants in the country’s democratic processes; and that this end will not be fulfilled as long as the phenomenon of null curriculum persists. (Boston, 2008, p.37)

Free Essays on Iran Contra

In 1922 President Franklin Roosevelt introduced the â€Å"Good Neighbor† Policy. This policy was created to keep the United States from getting involved in problems that could and would occur in Central America. This policy, however, did not stop many government agencies from interfering and creating a few new problems for United States neighbors. Of course, all of this was done in an aim to better the political position of the United States. In 1953, the Central Intelligence Agency created a rumor of an assassination attempt in Guatemala to run the corrupt government out of the country. This is a perfect example of the United States sidestepping policy and becoming entangled in Latin American affairs. History of course, was destined to repeat itself. Only this time, it would be a scandal that would shake the very foundation of a nation. When President Reagan was elected in 1980, he came into office promising to restore America’s military and moral prestige in the world. Voters responded when he pledged to be tough on terrorists, a vow he repeated time and time again: â€Å"Let me further make it plain to assassins in Beirut and their accomplices, wherever they may be, that America will never make concessions to terrorists.â€Å" Was this vow strictly a campaign promise made that he never intended to honor? In 1970 in Nicaragua, President Anastasio Somona Debayle fled the country. A civil war had been devastating the nation’s economy. The popular sentiment showed that the public wanted the Sandinistas. The Sandinistas promised free enterprise but what they brought was political oppression. The United States tried to form an alliance with them but the Sandinistas grew closer to the USSR. Many Nicaraguans rejected this government. They decided to fight back. The rebel Nicaraguans groups that formed was known as the Contras. President Reagan had long ago taken a stand against the Sandanistan regime. He â€Å"embracedï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Iran Contra Free Essays on Iran Contra In 1922 President Franklin Roosevelt introduced the â€Å"Good Neighbor† Policy. This policy was created to keep the United States from getting involved in problems that could and would occur in Central America. This policy, however, did not stop many government agencies from interfering and creating a few new problems for United States neighbors. Of course, all of this was done in an aim to better the political position of the United States. In 1953, the Central Intelligence Agency created a rumor of an assassination attempt in Guatemala to run the corrupt government out of the country. This is a perfect example of the United States sidestepping policy and becoming entangled in Latin American affairs. History of course, was destined to repeat itself. Only this time, it would be a scandal that would shake the very foundation of a nation. When President Reagan was elected in 1980, he came into office promising to restore America’s military and moral prestige in the world. Voters responded when he pledged to be tough on terrorists, a vow he repeated time and time again: â€Å"Let me further make it plain to assassins in Beirut and their accomplices, wherever they may be, that America will never make concessions to terrorists.â€Å" Was this vow strictly a campaign promise made that he never intended to honor? In 1970 in Nicaragua, President Anastasio Somona Debayle fled the country. A civil war had been devastating the nation’s economy. The popular sentiment showed that the public wanted the Sandinistas. The Sandinistas promised free enterprise but what they brought was political oppression. The United States tried to form an alliance with them but the Sandinistas grew closer to the USSR. Many Nicaraguans rejected this government. They decided to fight back. The rebel Nicaraguans groups that formed was known as the Contras. President Reagan had long ago taken a stand against the Sandanistan regime. He â€Å"embracedï ¿ ½...

DQ 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

DQ 2 - Essay Example Just as the Central Florida Police Stress Unit proposes, there should be department-based programs to help effectively alleviate specific job-related stress and to help generally thwart occupational stress in the disciplined forces. It is the responsibility of criminal justice agencies to include criminal justice agency staff members, professional legal counselors and peers of these criminal justice agencies in stress reduction efforts. First, this cannot materialize if criminal justice agencies do not come together as a caucus. Just as the National Institute of Justice observed, to successfully alleviate professional stress, criminal justice agencies must unitarily appoint a dedicated member of staff to: identify with stressed colleagues; solicit the support of, and work together with administrators, staff members, family members and officers’ unions; observe confidentiality; and accord stressed employees, an array of support services (Gino and Cable, 2013). Above all, criminal justice agencies can best abate employee stress by counseling and educating employees on their legal or constitutional duties. Inadequate understanding of legal injunctions opens up doors for legal suits, dismissal of evidence or work acquired outside the confines of the law and ultimately, personnel frustration. This case is being exemplified by New York Police Department officers who are having their evidence acquired through stop and frisk being challenged and declared inadmissible in the court of law, on the account that stop and frisk is

Student Development in Western Society Higher Education Research Paper

Student Development in Western Society Higher Education - Research Paper Example The model of service delivery is also an important issue in the student development which is also covered this paper. In the paper is also the analysis of elements of institutional policy that inhibits and those that contributes to student development. The paper also provides an analysis of legal, professional and ethical consideration related to student development in higher education.The paper concludes with the analysis of core competency of student development professionals and evaluation of their potential in the evaluation of their ability in driving student success. In the years back, there was the idea that the work of student personnel was not only on the student administration but an all-round development and education. This was the concerns of the official of higher education forty years ago. The only new thing about the late 70s and 60s student development movement was that the proactive program was to be introduced by the university staff. On the addition to the introduc tion of the proactive program, the intervention content and nature and the result could be specified by crafting than in conformance with the right theory of human development. The student development as explained in three different documents: student development service in higher education, Student development in tomorrow higher education and a student development model for student affair for tomorrow higher education.Today, there is a recent association composed of professionals that perceives human development as the professions commonly held core.

How the Album Got Played Out Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How the Album Got Played Out - Essay Example Right from the year where â€Å"rock music†seemed to have had its beats every where in the radio FM station and other shows and in terms of the top sales and bulk of listener response he has covered almost 85% of the music history tracing back to previous years. He seems to make a comparison with the present album tradition with that of the previous rock music in every point he includes for discussion. He starts with the information carrying the nominees for the 40th Grammy awards such as Radioheads’ â€Å"Ok Computer† [1] and Bob Dylan’s â€Å"Time out of Mind†[2]. He regrets that these albums needed to be listened just because it had a â€Å"thematic unity to the lyrics† [3] . He seemed to have a strong support for these two albums. One reason makes me disagree with this point. Gerald Marzorati actually goes in terms of full appreciation for these two albums but he himself seems to act in such a way that he enhances the quality of this album by talking more on it than other albums which he refers in a very little fashion. He says â€Å"If you’re someone who grew upwith Dylan in the 60’s , as I did , you would have probably bought the album [It actually managed to sneak into the Billboard Top 10 for week last fall]†[4] He goes on analyzing the concept of digital revolution with that of records of the previous ages. I would agree with his statement that â€Å"Listening to album is ultimately a matter of giving yourself over to somebody’s choices –this song, then this one. The digital revolution promises precisely the opposite . What do you want, want right now?†[5]. It is true that the digital; revolution has increased the interest among the young ones who could also play and jump over to their favorite song as quickly as possible, there options that are prevalent are operating with the help of a remote which was absent in the old CD system or FM station [ which had been concentrating in enhancing only rock music not upto the

Technology Developments for Villages in Developing Countries

Technology Developments for Villages in Developing Countries There is an urgent need to examine the catalytic and enabling role to be played by the government in ensuring that IT provides new opportunities for the 40 per cent of the people who are living below the poverty line, so that they may move above it. Government of India Working Group on Information Technology for Masses Write an essay, that highlights examples that support the second opinion i) Describe 6 different case studies that show how the technology is being used in villages in developing countries (South-East Asia, Africa, Latin America) ii) Assess each case, commenting whether you believe it is beneficial to the community or not and whether those same case studies can be used by supporters of the first opinion above. Case Studies: Balaghat, India As described by Sumeet Chatterjee (2001) the IT initiatives in this village constitute a great example of the wide variety of applications for IT in developing countries. The district is rural and the core industries are farming and mineral extraction with the majority of the people being poor. A major problem in the area is corruption of government officials. People need papers to prove land ownership and other official documents and prior to the IT project’s arrival it typically took weeks to obtain and required expensive payments to officials. Now a villager can go to the local â€Å"Soochnalaya† (information centre) and have the information in minutes and for a fraction of the cost. Other information of interest to the villagers such as crop data, rainfall patterns and other documentation are available. The centralized internet point is a key aspect in bringing IT to the masses. Without government funding to buy a computer and set up the infrastructure there would be no Soochnalayas. IT in this case is a major benefit to the people of the region as it brings information at a low cost which is exactly what these people need to help them in the struggle to develop. Padinettankudi, India In an online article about this rural village in India Mukti Jain Campion (2002) relates an anecdote about how IT is being used to treat health problems in areas without access to medical technology. In this town an entrepreneur-run public internet center was set up with the help of a large Indian IT government and private venture with the aim of bringing IT to the masses. For few rupees email, information and government forms to the rural poor. In the case described the internet also serves an important medical service to the people of the area. Only 40km away lies the Aravind Eye Hospital, a hospital dedicated to treating eye problems and where money is not an issue. The problem is having access to patients as majority of people are unable to get to the hospital without considerable difficulty. So at the internet centre a webcam is used to take photos of the symptoms and online chat can be used to talk with the patient. Sound medical advice can then be given for the cost of a few rupees. This is a fantastic application of IT in development and the available benefits are enormous. Capetown, South Africa When describing IT initiatives often only computers and internet access are mentioned but IT involves so much more. In South Africa HIV is a major issue with over15% of the population being infected by this terminal disease (Nick Miles. 2005). The SA government has begun to allot drugs to the people who need them but keeping track of the patients and having doctors to check on them all is expensive in terms of both time and money. This is where IT enters the scene. Using mobile phones a non-medical aid worker can interview dozens of people and record the information in the phone. The survey results are then sent by text message to a center where the data is entered into computer software. The software can identify people who need attention and a doctor can pull up the record of any patient and see up to date information. The benefits are obvious. Cuba, Brazil and Open-Source The cost of software is often a major percentage of the price of a computer. A copy of Windows XP costs significantly more than the average person in the developing world makes in a day. Despite Microsoft’s initiative to sell Windows at reduced costs to developing nations, free is preferred to paying a fee and nations like Cuba and Brazil are exploring free OS choices. In a 2004 article Mark Ashurst describes how Brazil is attempting to move from Windows to open-source Linux. There is political resentment against Microsoft but there is also the attraction of free software and no licensing fees that attract people form Windows to Linux. Also susceptibility to viruses and the cost of a network going down also drive people to Linux. Ashurst describes the state of the switch to â€Å"Linux in terms that almost 1/3 of computers will soon have Linux installed†. Cuba is following suit and recently announced a government initiative to switch all computers to Linux (Computer Business Review, 2005). Whether this IT initiative with greatly benefit the people of these countries remains to be seen. Linux may be cheaper but it requires more training and long term benefits are hard to predict though with reduced costs possible more computers could be distributed. Samoa The Samoan government recently announced a nationwide initiative to bring internet to every person in the country (Prosser, 2004). The government has taken this step to help isolated Samoa increase communication with developed nations in hopes of boosting GDP and therefore standards of living. In the nation of 180,000 only 2% of people use the internet and trade with other nations is difficult to facilitate as New Zealand is the closest developed nation at a 4hr flight away. The Samoan government has received help from the United Nations Development Programme and is using the money to expand the IT infrastructure. Computers are being placed in schools to help children develop IT skills and also in community centers to allow people access to information and even medical help. This case is similar to the Indian cases where a single internet centre in a village can make a large difference in the lives of people. Taita Taveta, Kenya In Africa there exists the Association for Progressive Communications prize which rewards innovative IT projects in Africa. Last year’s winner was the Global Education Partnership – Wundanyib which is a non-profit computer training programme in one of the poorest regions of Kenya (Association for Progressive Computing, 2005). The project aims to develop business skills in people aged 15-24, training them using IT for setting up their own business. In 9 years nearly 1000 people have graduated and 200 of these were awarded capital to start a business. In Taita Taveta the unemployment rate is 66% so job prospects are hard to come by. By focusing on youth and entrepreneurs the region benefits greatly if any business are started. The youth are given hope and a reason to stay and develop their region. Conclusion Each case examined here shows the advantages of IT in plans for development. The cases show ways to improve lives through IT in a variety of avenues, paving the way for regional and national development. The Government of India Working Group on Information Technology for Masses’ statement is correct and bringing IT to poor areas is an important catalyst for development. Bibliography Ashurst, Mark. 2004. Brazil falls in love with Linux. Available from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3445805.stm>. Association for Progressive Computing, 2005. Winner of the 2004/5 APC Africa Hafkin Communications Prize. Available from http://www.apc.org./english/hafkin/2004/winner.shtml>. Copyleft Association for Progressive Communications APC 1999 – 2005. Campion, Mukti Jain. 2002. Connecting the villages. Available from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/2044878.stm>.  © British Broadcasting Corporation. Chatterjee, Sumeet. 2001. Indian village takes to IT to tackle corruption. Available from http://www.apnic.net/mailing-lists/s-asia-it/archive/2001/09/msg00019.html>.  © Indo-Asian News Service Computer Business Review. 2005. Cuba joins the Linux revolution. Available from http://www.cbronline.com/article_news.asp?guid=9B077C17-C2F9-4472-8B28-25F0B19E2F8A.>.  © Computer Business Review. Miles, Nick. 2005. Texting to help SA HIV patients. Available from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4437447.stm>.  © British Broadcasting Corporation. Prosser, David. 2004. Samoa plans internet for all. Available from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3590354.stm>. >.  © British Broadcasting Corporation.

The Different Places in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching G

The Different Places in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God It’s amazing that one state can have within it places that differ greatly in all aspects—people, surrounding, weather, and feeling. Zora Neale Hurston exemplifies this phenomenon in Their Eyes Were Watching God. There are a multitude of differences between Eatonville, FL and the Everglades; each place represents a certain theme or feeling to Janie (the main character) and their differences each contribute to the meaning of the novel as a whole. Eatonville is just hours away from the Everglades so it seems that these two places must have something in common, especially if they’re in the same book, but they don’t unless you count Janie living in both places as something similar. While Janie is married to Joe Starks in Eatonville, she loses her sense of self. Joe makes her wear her hair up and she’s treated as if she’s Joe’s servant, not wife. This is much different than the treatment she gets in the Everglades with Tea Cake. Tea Cake allows her to be his peer and be herself. Janie is tied down in Eatonvi...

This computerized world Essay

Now, in our society all over the world technology is the most important advancement, a necessity in bringing about progress as we move along in this computerized world. These changes in effectmake man’s life easier and more convenient. The relationship between the library and computer is constantly changing that the use of computer contributes to the way man learns and communicates. It easy in this world to strive for changes and since library is no different from any firm and institution, considering the use of computer to perform a given task will be efficient. The fast phased of technology attributed a lot to the improvementof the library system. Technology enabled software developers to computerize the librarysystem. The automated library system helped the academe greatly. Library, transactionsand queries can be created in a single click. Traditionally, library systems are implemented manually. Forms are given to librarian and they fill them of using pens. Computerized library system identifies the modern process of technology, on how it works quickly for the students and librarian. Pagadian Capitol College, base on the library system, the librarian and the library users still use the manual way of transacting of borrowing and returning of books. In the system we are going to make the manual library system into automated and computerized one. The manual library system is very costly, time consuming and tedious. Hence, computerized library system, the librarian can easily find the books of the student that they are looking for without going through the traditional way of searching a library material. And for the students, it can lessen the time and effort needed by them of the library. The implementation of the system will reduce the time and effort of the users in terms of adding, editing, searching, deleting and printing of records. The system can also help in reducing the expenses of the library such as papers, folders, pens and other materials needed in their current system. The objective of the study was to develop a computerized library system that will store the student’s basic information, books record, list of borrowers, returned books, borrowed books, and prescription of the librarian. The study was about the Computerized Library System for the BotolanCommunity College. The implementation of the system will reduce the time and effort of the users in terms of adding, editing, searching, deleting and printing of records. Thesystem can also help in reducing the expenses of the library such as papers, folders, pensand other materials needed in their current system. The system is LAN-based that enablesthe librarian to share the records of the student such as the borrowing books, returningbooks, search books, and prescriptions of the librarian. The student’s personal information/data may be stored upon the request of authorized librarian. The assignedlibrarians are the only one who can share any of the records/data of the students. Thesystem is not capable of sharing its data from other databases. The system will bedeveloped using the Microsoft Visual Basic 6. 0. This study will be beneficial to the following: BCC Students . Through a computerized library system, they can easily find the booksthat they are looking for without going through the traditional way of searching a librarymaterial. Convenience is more visible for it is not time-consuming, resulting to a numberof accomplished works. Librarian. The computerized library system would improve the monitoring capacitiesof those who maintain the library. It would be easier to determine whether a particularbook is on-shelf or not. In addition, they can easily identify when will the borrowedmaterial be returned and if a borrower has failed to return the book on its due date. Furthermore, the librarian would be much guided when it comes to recognizing newinventory books, letting them arrange it promptly and accordingly. Related Literature Foreign According to Robson (2001), usability is a key requirement for users, says Elisabeth Robson, Product manager for Online Computer Library Center. The cataloguehas become a way to pull together disparate resources, including commercial resourcesand web links. management systems also allow circulation, including check in/check outand enable libraries to purchase materials and track where they are. According to Chad (2009), consulting is at a major point of change in the wider information economy within which library systems form part of a larger whole. He waswriting in a briefing paper about the study in library management systems. This studyexamined the systems used in higher-education libraries across the UK and came up withsome significant observations and recommendations. It noted that the LMS market in UKhigher education is already mature and that four main vendors (ExLibris, Innovative,SirsiDynix and Talis) have almost 90 percent of the market. This market maturity means,according to the study authors, that the benefits to libraries of changing LMS provider arelimited. Library users expect to find everything together says Stephen Abram, vicepresident for innovation at SirsiDynix, the leading provider of software solutions andassociated services for libraries. According to her traditionally, the library managementsystem or integrated library system (ILS) was responsible for running libraries efficientlyand effectively. Over the last few years, the role of the ILS has been expanding frommeeting library needs to delivering user experience. Local  According to Eden (2011), views that most libraries are forced to work with fewerstaff because of the having a more improved and modernized system for their library. According also to the study, the library administration need to emphasize to their staff that the organization has a vested interest in providing them with the tools and trainingthey need to assist the organization in the new information marketplace. These mayinclude search engines, circulation systems, and the online public access catalog. According to Lopez (2002), University of the Philippines Mindanao when UP inMindanao accepted its first batch of students in 1996, the Main Library collection wasintegrated with the core collection of the School of Management (SOM) Library at the Stanfilco Bldg. , Ladislawa Avenue, Buhangin, Davao City. The Filipiniana and GeneralReferences were housed together with the College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) collectionin Room 2 of the Philippine Coconut Authority. In the Second Semester AY 1996-1997,the CAS Library moved to its main campus in Bago Oshiro. Upon the recognition of UPin Mindanao by the Board of Regents (BOR) as a constituent unit (CU) of the UPSystem, the CAS was split into two (2), namely: College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHSS) and the College of Science and Mathematics (CSM). The Main Librarytransferred to the newly renovated building where the main collection was set-up besidethe books of the CHSS and the CSM. In July 2002, the library established the LibraryEducational Media and Information Technology Office (LEMITO). The LEMITOhandles the audio-visual services, internet and the connectivity of the library. It currentlyholds office at the Elias B. Lopez Hall Dormitory. Later, the Main Library collectionwhich grew from 100 titles to 6,191 volumes at the end of May 2004, and was transferredto the Administration Bldg today, the Main Library occupies the former UP in MindanaoCultural Center (UPMCC) building. Related Studies Foreign According to Charuasia (2010), connotes the term library with use of automaticdata processing machines to perform routine library activities. It implies a high degree of mechanization of various routine and repetitive tasks &operations and processes are leftto be performed by human beings. The study stresses library automation as theapplication of computers and utilization of computer based products and services in theperformance of different operations and functions or in the provision of various servicesand output products. In addition to computer advancement, telecommunication andaudio-visual technologies gives away to new possibilities in information processing. According to Back & Bailey (2010), explored the design space of mash-uptechniques for the faultless inclusion of information from Web services into websites. They considered the cases where an Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) is either the target of such addition or the basis of the information being included. They focused on client-side techniques in which each user’s browser contacts Web services directly because this approach lends itself to the creation of HTML widgets. The widgets allowthe integration and customization of Web services without requiring programming. Theyalso described in detail the functionality and use of several widget libraries and Webservices we built. Although the specific requirements for (2010), explored the designspace of mash-up techniques for the faultless inclusion of information from Web servicesinto websites. They considered the cases where an Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC)is either the target of such addition or the basis of the information being included. Theyfocused on client-side techniques in which each user’s browser contacts Web services directly because this approach lends itself to the creation of HTML widgets. The widgetsallow the integration and customization of Web services without requiring programming. They also described in detail the functionality and use of several widget libraries andWeb services we built. Although the specific requirements for 13each system differbecause of their respective nature, all systems are designed to be deployable withminimum effort and resource requirements. This low entry cost, combined with theprovision of a high-level, non-programming interface, constitute two vital preconditionfor the broad adoption of techniques in libraries, which in turn has the potential to vastlyincrease the reach and visibility of their electronic resources in the wider community. Local According to Lou (1986), a survey on the computer application in 223 libraries inMetro Manila. The study revealed that they prioritize the three library functions to be computerized as cataloging, indexing, and circulation. However, the plans for automationfor the libraries cannot be implemented due to financial incapability of the libraries, andthe lack of funds from the government. Despite of this drawback, the libraries are notturning their backs unto the automation of their libraries. According to Agena (2008) made a study about the collection usage of thestudents of the Jose Rizal University in a period of three years using the quantitative andqualitative approach. The goal of the study is to assess the usefulness of the faculty of students to their library and it been revealed that it is generally important for them to goto the library for their academic needs. ————————————————- Beijing Foreign Studies University Library Library temporarily by the Chinese branch, foreign language books, periodicals reading room and library office. Collection of literature covering Britain, France, Russia, Germany, the West, Japan, Arab and other 49 languages, literature more than 110 million copies total, 28 million copies of e-books, 1179 kinds of Chinese and foreign periodicals, nearly 11,000 of a variety of audiovisual materials , and foreign language electronic journal of nearly 26,000 species in 47 foreign language database, Own Special Database 4, the initial formation of the characteristics of language, literature, culture, primary data collection. In recent years, with the development of my subject construction, legal, diplomatic, economic, news and management literature also increased steadily. The library is located eight business and service sectors, a total of 53 staff, including Associate Research Librarian, Librarian 39. Libraries advanced ALEPH500 automated library management system to achieve the cataloging and retrieval of the museum and part of the Department of multilingual literature. Museum and National Library, as well as Peking University, the National People’s Congress and other 40 University Library in Beijing and Shanghai Library interlibrary loan business, and the original delivery services provide CASHL and BALIS of foreign periodicals. In order to facilitate school teachers and students in off-campus access to library resources, the museum specially opened VPN remote access system. The overall goal of building â€Å"12† during the Beijing Foreign Studies University Library: the progressive realization of the collection features of the service information, specialization, and scientific management through active participation in the college literature resources to build a sharing system, and strive to build for the final documents of the domestic foreign language teaching and research support base and information service center, into a â€Å"resource-rich, and diverse service, open and harmonious, the reader satisfied† with international first-class research library.

Saint Joseph’s University Online MBA Program no GMAT Essay Example

Saint Joseph’s University Online MBA Program no GMAT Essay Example Saint Joseph’s University Online MBA Program no GMAT Essay Saint Joseph’s University Online MBA Program no GMAT Essay Saint Joseph’s University  Online MBA Program no GMAT.  For over one hundred and fifty years Saint Joseph’s University has been grooming the minds and abilities of young men and women in a strong and challenging academic  atmosphere  immersed in the wonderful Jesuit tradition of  care for the entire human  being. At Saint Joseph’s University, your  scholastic  environment will be filled with  intellect,   spirit, guidance and  purpose. We respect all of your values and fully support you with a healthy learning environment that meets your educational needs. You are our first academic  priority: your mind, education, making sure your having a very positive experience with your achievements and your dreams a priority. Saint Joseph’s University is also accredited by The Middle States Association’s Commission on Higher Education, so you can take comfort and rest assured you will receive the very best online education possible. Saint Joseph’s University is proudly offering you an online bachelor’s,  master’s and certificate programs, such as Criminal Justice,  MS in Education, as well as Organization Development and   also including Business Intelligence,  Leadership and more. Click the Banner below for the Official:   Saint Joseph’s University Online MBA Program no GMAT

Biological Weapons - Description and Potential List

Biological Weapons - Description and Potential List Biological Weapons Biological weapons are toxic materials produced from pathogenic organisms (usually microbes) or artificially manufactured toxic substances that are used to intentionally interfere with the biological processes of a host. These substances work to kill or incapacitate the host. Biological weapons may be used to target living organisms including humans, animals, or vegetation. They may also be used to contaminate nonliving substances such as air, water and soil. Microscopic Weapons There are a variety of microorganisms that can be used as biological weapons. Agents are commonly chosen because they are highly toxic, easily obtainable and inexpensive to produce, easily transferable from person to person, can be dispersed in aerosol form, or have no known vaccine. Common microbes used as biological weapons include: Bacteria -  these prokaryotic organisms  are capable of infecting cells and causing disease. Bacteria cause diseases such as anthrax and botulism. Viruses - are  about 1,000 times smaller than bacteria and require a host to replicate. They are responsible for disease including smallpox,  flesh-eating disease, Ebloa disease, and Zika disease. Fungi - some of these  eukaryotic organisms  contain deadly toxins that are harmful to plants, animals, and humans. They cause diseases such as  rice blast, wheat  stem rust,  aspergillosis (caused by inhaling fungal  spores), and bovine foot rot. Toxins - poisonous substances that can be extracted from plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi. Toxic substances that can be used as biological weapons include ricin and venom from animals such as snakes and spiders. Distribution Methods While it is possible to develop biological weapons from microbes,  finding a means of distributing the substances is difficult. One possible way is through aerosols. This can be ineffective as the materials often get clogged when spraying. Biological agents distributed by air may also be destroyed by UV light or rain may wash them away. Another method of distribution may be to attach the toxins to a bomb so that they may be released upon explosion. The problem with this is that the microbes will most likely be destroyed by the explosion as well. Toxins could be used to contaminate food and water supplies. This method would require extremely large amounts of toxin for a large scale attack. Protective Measures A number of measures can be taken to protect individuals against biological attacks. Should an aerosol attack occur, removing your clothing and showering are good methods for removing toxins. Biological weapons dont typically adhere to clothing or skin, but can be dangerous should they enter cuts or lesions on the skin. Protective clothing, such as masks and gloves, can provide protection against airborne particles. Other types of protective measures include administering  antibiotics and vaccines. Potential Biological Weapons Below is a list of a few biological organisms that may potentially be used as biological weapons. Microbe Natural Environment Target Host Mode of Contraction Diseases/Symptoms Anthrax Bacillus anthracis Soil Humans, Domestic Animals Open Wounds, Inhalation Pulmonary Anthrax Septicemia, Flu-like symptoms Clostridium botulinum Soil Humans Contaminated Food or Water, Inhalation Clostridium perfringens Intestines of humans and other animals, Soil Humans, Domestic Animals Open Wounds Gas gangrene, Severe Abdominal Cramps, Diarrhea RICIN Protein Toxin Extracted from Castor Bean Plants Humans Contaminated Food or Water, Inhalation, Injection Severe Abdominal Pain, Watery and Bloody Diarrhea, Vomiting, Weakness, Fever, Cough, and Pulmonary Edema Smallpox Eradicated from Nature, Now Obtained from Laboratory Stockpiles Humans Direct Contact with Bodily Fluids or Contaminated Objects, Inhalation Persistent Fever, Vomiting, Rash on Tongue and in Mouth, Rash and Bumps on Skin

CORPORATE FINANCE CASE ASSIGNMEN 3 Risk and return, portfolio Essay

CORPORATE FINANCE CASE ASSIGNMEN 3 Risk and return, portfolio diversification and the Capital Asset Pricing Model; The cost of equity - Essay Example It depends on the risk involved in that investment. Hence the investment decision is dependent on the returns, the risk involved (amount of uncertainty in generating the expected returns) and also the investor’s utility indifference (attitude towards risk and expected returns). A risk averse individual will always aim to reduce the risk involved in his investments and ensure a high return. The investor, in light of the level of risk tolerance, must establish specific return objectives. On the basis of these objectives, he/she can opt for a varied portfolio of investments. Diversification is a way to limit or reduce the risk. Diversification is the balancing act in which the risk-return tradeoffs are adjusted. This implies the concept of relativism and indicates that it is superior to that of absolutism (Ware). Owning a number of investments can reduce the risk involved in an investment. This is called portfolio diversification. This could be by owning shares in a number of different countries or by investing in different asset classes such as fixed interest or property (Bekiaris). Investing in a wider range of domestic stocks and cash, short, mid and long-term bonds, foreign currency-denominated bonds, equity sectors, foreign stocks and emerging market sto cks can reduce the risks involved in the investment (Donald). As mentioned earlier, there are three methods that can be used to estimate the rate of return for Federal Express. These include, Dividend Growth, CAPM, and APT. The Dividend growth model is one which requires the current dividend rate, the constant growth rate of the dividend and the required rate of return. Here in this model a summing of the infinite series is done to get the value of the current price. This model also requires a few more details that need to be provided in order to compute the arithmetical calculation. These include the value of ‘g’, the current rate of return‘d’. One of the biggest drawbacks of this

Website portal creation report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Website portal creation report - Assignment Example In recent times,website portal development has set a new platform for new patterns of interaction and communication:new user requirements,goals and behaviors have emerged.In development,eliciting user’s needs must rely on a thorough understanding of the multi-faced context of how users perform their activities This is in order to establish usability requirements and design scenarios for future web portal s (Robertson and James 106). The created webportal is an information source. It is providing an integrated solution for International students where they can get information on accommodation, living environment, courses etc. Basically, it is aiming at equipping a student or guardian with enough information to make the decision to study. For instance, the VISA application procedures are links on the web portal. A desired functionality in a web portal is that it be effective to use. This goal focuses on the ability of the web portal to produce the intended result. Another usabil ity requirement is web portal that is easy to learn and remember how to use. The goal for this is to have a web portal that is easy to use on first hit and one that the users can reestablish proficiency. In addition, a web portal should have good utility and safe to use. The goal here would be to evaluate if the web portal has what the users wants. Web Portal Design The webportal has been designed as an online application and is accessed by use of a browser. It is compatible with Mozilla 3.5, Internet Explorer 7.0, Opera browser, Apple safari and later versions. It has a functionality that it provides and for this it provides pages with the concept of user interaction. The portal offers information to students, international and deals with all student affairs such as accommodation and living. The website has been developed using several supporting technologies, such as HTML and CSS. Choice of color brought harmony to the content displayed. In addition, there were concept graphics th at represented different ideas on student programs and how they could obtain information. The intuitive design guided by user interface principles aimed at giving the user little to think about and make everything appear usual. The portal’s success depends on a clear, concise and balanced arrangement of the information using the basic tools of design: editorial format, typography and programming technique. Using a simple visual design which clearly states what the organization is about is important to the browsers visiting the site. The website is pleasing in the sense that colors complement one another. This website intent and purpose provides information to the users. The first requirement is a visually attractive site that creates a good first impression. This has a memorable URL, full view of the home screen, contacts and short download time. Additionally, this website should demonstrate use of technology by having advanced functionality that can allow user interaction an d overall design experience. The navigation and structure of the website should be simple and straight forward with neat content organization. I recommend including attractors in the website, this will keep the user coming back to the website. The attractors are features like newsletters, career options, polls etc. Evaluation Techniques: Justification of the interface choice There are a number of evaluation techniques that can be applied to test usability and functionality of the web portal. These techniques evaluate the design and implementation and the goal is to access the extent of the web portal functionality (Bevan 15). They also access the interface effect on the specific problem. For this web portal, I would

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Why is it important that I understand what independent learning is - Essay Example Internalizing independent learning however is not easy and it would be necessary for the student to understand what independent learning is before internalizing it. It should begin in college that would later translate to our professional lives and even in our personal lives as we sought not only to become better professionals but also better individuals. Wedemeyer defined independent learning as consisting of â€Å"various forms of teaching- learning arrangements in which teachers and learners carry out their essential tasks and responsibilities apart from one another, communicating in a variety of ways †¦ Independent study programs offer learners varying degrees of freedom in the self-determination of goals and activities† (Wedemeyer 1975:11 cited in Kobuni 2013:232). This type of learning is exclusive among adults as it relates to â€Å"lifelong learning and self-directed learning† (Candy 1991; Merriam, Caffarella, & Baumgartner 2007 cited in Kobuni 2013:232). In short, independent learning is self-motivated, lifelong and autonomous adult learning to achieve certain goals using various study programs and methods. Understanding independent learning should begin in college. It should start in college because it the stage where we prepare ourselves for our professional lives. Also, the academic rigors in college requires that we should understand and learn independent learning. College is very different in high school where many of the lessons are spoon fed. In college, we are required to look for information on our own through our research and study. We are also encouraged to think on our own and to do critical thinking. These modes of study require independent learning seeking information and learning materials using various methods such library, internet, interview, observation etch to be able to have the inputs necessary to do reports and critical thinking. It is important that

The Most Dangerous Game Literary Analysis Essay Example for Free

The Most Dangerous Game Literary Analysis Essay In the short story â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game†, Richard Connell uses conflict to create a suspenseful mood. When Rainsofrd is struggling to swim in the ocean it shows man v. nature conflict. â€Å"For a seemingly endless time he fought the sea† (42). Suspense really shows in this scene because its really nailbiting to see if he is going to give up and let himself drown, or if he is going to push and swimm to the island hes heard has a bad reputation. Man v. man conflict is shown when Zaroff challenges Rainsford to the hunt. Zaroff said, â€Å"Your brain against mine. Your woodcraft against mine. Your strength and stamina against mine. Outdoor chess! † (52). The reader feels a lot of suspense in this part because Rainsford is in an unfamiliar place, in the dark, at night, being chased by an expert hunter, his huge servant/guard Ivan, and a pack of wild dogs. The suspenseful mood reaches a turning point when Rainsford chooses to jump off the cliff instead of continuing the hunt. Rainsford also has a lot of man v. self conflict during the hunt. Rainsford has to repeat a motivational phrase to himself so he will keep calm and collected under the stressful hunt. Rainsford repeats, â€Å"I will not lose my nerve. I will not† (54). This adds suspense because it really makes the reader anxious to know whether or not he will keep his cool. In â€Å"The most Dangerous Game† man v. nature, man v. man, and man v. self conflicts are shown to create a suspenseful mood.

Child Cognitive Development

Child Cognitive Development INTRODUCTION Jean Piaget looked at the concept of cognitive development from a biological angle. To him, adaptation and organization are the key principles in the human’s intellect and growth. He argued that human beings always strive to have a state of balance in their mind. Adaptation comes about when the child experiences cognitive disability, that is, the situation what the child sees the world as expected and what she or he is undergoing. The child therefore buys new information and integrates with the already existing one. Piaget calls this accommodation. This comes about when the acquired new information doesn’t fit well into the already existing structures. For instance, a child coming across a squirrel for the first time and discovers that it differs with the rabbit. He/she therefore come up with another representation of a squirrel. The mind has to have some form of information organization hence scheme is the basic structure. In a child’s development, play is an important aspect to consider. This is because ideas and concepts are learned and also, there is an enhancement of language, motor skills and social life through play. To Piaget, there are four major stages that are involved in cognitive development. Firstly, we have sensorimotor period that occurs between Zero to two years. At this stage, the child as he interacts with the environment creates sets of concepts and the operations of the reality. There is an engagement in motor movements starting with early reflexes and proceeding towards intentional actions. In most cases, these actions are trial and error. It’s through their actions that children learn that their behaviors have effects on the environment. Their actions become sophisticated as they develop hence becoming deliberate. For example, a child grasps a rattle paper in place in his hand, this can be compared to the older child who picks up and shakes a rattle to make noise. The pretend stage in most cases starts at the age of eight months. At this level, the child can act out actions and roles of an adult and some familiar events. At three or four, the skills become symbolic; the child can substitute objects for instance, a child’ feeds ‘a doll using a toy bottle. On the other hand, the older child feeds the baby using a wooden block in pretence that the block acts as the baby bottle. This level provides a good foundation for the child play as the child gets his/her own experience. Preoperational period is the second stage and it occurs between the ages of two to seven years. The child can not still abstractly conceptualize. He needs touchable situations. At the age of around three or four, constructive play interests the child. Here he or she can manipulate materials and objects in their different worlds and come up with an end product such as sand houses, clay cows sand mountains and so on. As he develops skills in manipulation of materials and objects, they sharpen his skills in thought expressions, ideas and concepts. At the mastery play level, there is the demonstration of the skilled Moto movements and there is full engagement in forms of imagination or pretend play at the same time. Children easily move about with their environment and are more confident in their actions. There is running and jumping over obstacles on a playground as they pretend to be the cartoon superhero’s. This occurs at around four to five years as encounter new play challenges and experiences. At the age of five, they develop interest in games that have two or more sides and have rules; this is because the thinking is becoming more logical. At this level, they begin to realize activities like Red Rover, Peter Says, and rule games won’t not work unless it is followed by everyone. This level involves competition and definition of criteria that establish winners. The third stage is the concrete operation that which occurs between the ages of seven years to eleven years. As the physical experience goes up, he starts conceptualizing, logically creating structures that explain the physical experience around him. At this point, he can now solve abstract problems for instance; equations on arithmetic can be solved not only with objects but with numbers. The last stage is the formal operations that occur between the ages of eleven to fifteen years. The cognitive structure at this point has developed and is like that of an adult. He is able to conceptualize and reason. At all developmental stages, there is an interaction of the child with his environment using the so far constructed mental maps. The experience fits easily if it’s the repeated one into the cognitive structure so that the state of equilibrium is maintained. He looses equilibrium if the experience is new or different. He therefore adjusts his cognitive structure in a way to accommodate the new conditions. However, different scholars also have done researches on role of play in child development. This was perhaps the development of Piaget, s theory of learning. Mc Cune Zanes, 2001argued that infants and toddlers do involve themselves in activities that in most cases stimulate their senses and lead to the development of the motor skills. These children actively explore their capabilities by using simple non directional and repetetitios plays. To them, as infants play on their own and alone, the toddlers play with or besides other children. Sometimes, they are within speaking distance but make minimal or not communicate at all. Given a situation of two or three children playing with similar toys might pursue totally different activities. Each concentrates on his or her own needs, a reflection of egocentric behaviors with no concept of rules. Such play therefore contributes the Childs growing ability to be able to pay attention and to the total development of physical, social and intellec tual growth.(Piaget,1962) At primary grades, they play formal and informal games together for example hide and seek, computer games, jump rope amongst others. In this kind of plays, there is development of physical prowess, refinement of social skills, building of concepts such as completion and there is also the enhancement of coordination. Moreover, these games also enable children to do demonstrations of their skills, abilities and talents to themselves and to others. They do these through coded messages, riddles and game numbers.(Eifermann,1971) Children’s play becomes more organized and more structured at childhood and early adolescent. At this stage, their passion for orderly thinking is seen in the games with rules and the organization of the sporting events. Winning to them is paramount as they begin to conceptualize and internalize that winning is as a result of following rules. At this age, sports are important. As social awareness grows in the child, the attention shifts from the family to the peer group. At this point, their energies are channeled to youth groups, team sports and clubs. As they do role taking and playing in those organizations, they get to understand how they can best fit in the societal systems. (Hughes, 1999) Fromberg (2002) argues that new information among children can be owned by playing with the same information. When there is interactive balance of facts gaining and acquisition of skills by the culture and information making owned by someone, then there in learning. This cycle enables children their environment better. (Fromberg, 2002, Mc Williams, 1998).Personal meaning comes about when there is active play. When there is perception of events by children as personally relevant, their neural connectivity of situations, skills and ideas is taken to their long-term memory.(Jensen,1999) adds that intrinsic motivation is by play and play contexts that is brought about by positive motivations . For instance, curiosity improves motivation which in turn facilitates learning and performance simply by focusing on the attention of the learner. Threats, panic, stress as negative emotions detract from motivation. According to Pieget, learning is effective when there are positive motivators. There children are free to participate and play when they are relaxed and free from any kind of stress. A toddler who is threatened will shy off and therefore will not participate in any kind of information flow. Pieget’s psychological approach to the to the study therefore lays a lot of emphasis to the full understanding of the children as we attempt to bring them up. This calls for understanding the stage at which the child is at, the environment and the emotional CONCLUSION Jean Pieget holds that, development precedes learning that is, it is activated by cognitive problems. All in all, Jean Piaget’s contribution was a milestone in the fields of both the natural and social sciences. People through his theories have been able to understand intrinsically both development of their children in all stages and shaping them to be good and responsible adults. By understanding the development of the child at every stage, it becomes easy for the parent to provide the necessary support to the child and be able to monitor his or her development. Moreover, it’s through Jean’s contribution that educators have adopted different modes of communication. Having looked at the development of the child at every stage, it becomes easy for the communicator to package his or her information that is relevant to the receiver. For example, a five year old child will lean better if he or she is involved in the kind of game plays. A communicator to achieve this will employ the same communicative tool. Curriculum development in different institutions has also been a Piegets contribution. A primary school for instance has got a wider range of pupils. Their programs definitely will not be the same right from intra and extracurricular activities. There are those best for the lower classes where the juniors enjoy playing and the senior one with their own special program. Ways of communicating to different audiences for instance the idea of play in the cognitive development. His idea has also been used to develop both the intra and extra curriculum activities for the different institutions. REFERENCES Bredekamp, Sue, and Carol Copple. Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1997. Ensen, E. (1999). Teaching with the brain in mind. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Deve Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society. The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.lopment. Fromberg, D. P. (2002). Play and meaning in early childhood education. Boston: Allyn Bac Hughes, F. (1999). Children, play, and development (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn Bacon McCune, L., Zanes, M. (2001). Learning, attention, and play. In S. Golbeck (Ed.), Psychological perspectives on early childhood education (pp. 92-106). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.